Why Earn Less? Gender-based Factors Affecting the Earning of Self-Employed Women in Turkey
This study looks into the determinants of earnings differences between men and women among the urban self-employed in Turkey. It argues that in addition to human capital variables, there are social and institutional factors, which affect earnings of self-employed men and women. Some of these are gender-based factors, affecting women’s earnings only. It also emphasizes that the earnings of an individual do not result from free and rational choices. Since women are not really expected to choose to concentrate in low-return, labor-intensive tasks, these choices are more likely to be made within the context of uneven economic development and pre-existing gender inequalities. This study attempts to explain the gender- based earnings gap by taking into account the interaction between economic factors and prevailing social and institutional structures such as the links between women’s market and non-market work.
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