Globalization, Social Exclusion and Work: With Special Reference to Informal Employment and Gender
Dr. Carr and Dr. Chen, both actively involved in Women in Informal Employment Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO), look at patterns of social exclusion and inclusion in the realm of work from the perspective of the working poor, especially women, in developing countries. They identify different processes of social exclusion and inclusion, rather than to assess their causes or measure their impact. In the European context, most analyses focus on exclusion from employment opportunities. In developing countries, the concept of unemployment is somewhat problematic. The paper focuses therefore on the nature of employment opportunities associated with globalization: notably, the terms of inclusion (of paid workers) and the barriers to inclusion (of the self-employed) in global production systems; and the forms of exclusion from domestic production systems associated with increased imports and other dimensions of trade liberalization. The authors discuss examples relating to three broad processes of social exclusion and inclusion: the terms of inclusion of paid workers in global production systems; the barriers to inclusion of the self-employed in global production systems; and the patterns of exclusion from domestic production systems associated with imports and other aspects of trade liberalization.
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